Solar Panel Cleaning - Using The Right Solution

Solar panel cleaning is pivotal in harnessing solar energy, but the panel's efficiency can be severely compromised by environmental factors, notably dust and dirt accumulation. Research conducted by a solar module manufacturer concluded that a dust layer of thickness as small as 2.5 mm, can reduce its efficiency by up to 35%. Yes, especially in dusty environments like deserts or industrial areas. This is due to the dust blocking, scattering, and absorbing sunlight, preventing it from reaching the photovoltaic cells. Research in such regions has shown efficiency losses between 20% and 40%, even with thinner dust layers. The impact can vary based on dust composition, location, and weather conditions, with areas experiencing less dust or regular rain seeing smaller reductions.

Now let’s see how this dust layer affects charging of photovoltaic cells, used in solar panels.

• Blocking of Sunlight: Even a thin layer of dust can block or scatter sunlight, preventing it from reaching the photovoltaic (PV) cells underneath. Dust acts as an opaque or semi-transparent barrier that reduces the amount of light energy available to be converted into electricity, which leads to a significant drop in efficiency.
• Scattering and Reflection of Light: Dust particles on the surface of the solar module scatter incoming sunlight in various directions, reducing the intensity of light reaching the solar cells. Some of the sunlight is reflected away from the panel, further lowering the amount of light absorbed. This scattering effect reduces the solar panel's overall light capture, cutting into its energy output.
• Dust Particle Properties: The composition of the dust, which may include fine particulates like sand, soot, and pollen, can absorb light and convert it into heat. This absorbed light no longer reaches the PV cells, contributing to the overall loss of usable solar energy. The darker the dust particles, the more significant the light absorption effect.
• Interference with Anti-Reflective Coating: Many solar panels come with anti-reflective coatings to enhance light absorption. Dust particles disrupt the functionality of these coatings by altering the refractive properties of the panel's surface, making it less efficient in capturing light.
• Heat Accumulation: A dust-covered solar module can also accumulate more heat due to reduced ventilation and the heat-absorbing nature of dust. Elevated temperatures reduce the efficiency of PV cells, as solar panels generally perform less efficiently at higher temperatures.

Given these challenges, keeping dust particles away from panel surfaces just not becomes something about aesthetics, but also an important part of energy output and operational efficiency. Hence, regular cleaning becomes a crucial part of the maintenance regime to ensure that solar panels operate at peak efficiency.

But the complications arise in the maintenance program too, as most rely on water spray to clean solar panels. It is because water is easily available. But in regions with hard water, minerals can form hard-to-remove deposits. These deposits start forming a layer over the surface, blocking the sunlight to reach cell surface.

To ensure the longevity and optimal performance of solar modules and panels, the following procedures and safety protocols must be strictly adhered to during the cleaning process:

• Safety First: Ensure all cleaning personnel are equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety suits, harnesses, and stable ladders. Additionally, confirm that the panel system is fully powered down to prevent any risk of electrical shock.
• Optimal Cleaning Time: Schedule the cleaning during the early morning or late evening to avoid extreme heat and protect the panels from potential thermal stress.
• Debris Removal: Use a soft brush to gently clear any leaves, twigs, or other debris from the surface of the panels.
• Initial Rinse: Use a hose to lightly rinse the panels, removing loose dirt and dust particles before applying any cleaning agents.
• Speciality Cleaning Solution: Prepare a cleaning solution using the recommended specialty chemical at the specified dosage.
• Application of Cleaning Solution: Soak a soft brush or sponge in the solution and gently apply it to the panel surface using circular motions for effective coverage.
• Contact Period: Allow the solution to sit for 15 to 30 minutes to ensure it effectively breaks down dirt and grime.
• Final Rinse & Drying: Rinse the panels thoroughly with clean water and allow them to air dry. If necessary, use a soft squeegee to remove any excess water without causing scratches.

By following these steps, you will ensure safe and efficient cleaning, contributing to the extended operational life and efficiency of solar panels.

Chemtex Speciality Limited manufactures and supplies specialized solar panel cleaning solution under the brand name “DETPOL SPC”, which is acclaimed by leading solar panel OEMs.

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